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The above study aimed at carrying out a critical appraisal of the basic theories of fiscal decentralisation and make an evaluation of the actual decentralisation process in India. Analysis of state-wise functional and financial devolution to panchayats, critical review of the fiscal transfer system and formulae adopted by the state governments, examining budgeting and accounting practices, analysis of status of revenues of panchayats, and examination of the approach of State Finance Commissions were the main objectives of the study.